怎样写好英文短文(连载)－The power writing program

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Commentary on the Sample Essay:

The opening sentence of the paper is distinctive in its statement of an assertion at the same time that it imposes a principle of organization on the writing that follows. The writer provides adequate and convincing support for the assertion, and goes beyond the bounds of normal expectations through the rhetorical technique of refuting the arguments that oppose the assertion. The essay is by no means perfect – the writer exhibits some confusion over the use of the semicolon, for example – but it shows writing that is consistently smooth and confident, even elegant. It is worth noting, too, that the paper is no longer than many efforts of lesser distinction.


/恭喜
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Scoring an Essay

In general, a paper falls into one category along this range of descriptions.
6     Clear, appropriate organization; sophisticated ideas; effective support; vivid, precise writing; control of the conventions
5     Clear organization; effective support; less fluent than a 6 paper; some errors in the conventions
4     Evidence of organization; adequate support though not as extensive as a 5 or 6 paper; some errors in the conventions
3     Some evidence of planning, but insufficient development; limited support; repeated weaknesses in the conventions
2     Lack of organization; inadequate support; unfocused development; serious errors in the conventions
1     No purpose or development; no control of structure or the conventions; difficult or impossible to understand
s     Blank or illegible papers; essays written on a topic other than the one assigned.
/恭喜

Figuring Out the Topic (Key: topics are red sentences; instructions are blue sentences.)

Topic 1
Because of the increase of women in the work force, finding ways to arrange adequate child care has become a major issue. To address the problem, many companies have begun to provide onsite day care for their employees’ children.
Write a composition of about 200 words discussing whether or not you think employers should supply child care for their employees. Be specific and use examples to support your view.

Topic 2
Mandatory drug testing in the work place has been the cause for heated debate. Many people feel that testing employees is an invasion of privacy. Others see it as a way of protecting themselves and their employees.
In a composition of about 200 words, describe the effects of mandatory drug testing on employees. You may wish to describe the positive effects, the negative effects, or both. Use specific examples to support your opinion.

Topic 3
Although cigarette ads were banned from TV in the 1970s, they still appear in magazines and on billboards. Many ads seem to appeal to an even younger audience.
In an essay of about 200 words, tell how you think cigarette advertising should be handled. Should all ads for cigarettes be banned? Support your opinion with specific examples.

etc.
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Write Regularly

Try to write every day. The more you write, the more comfortable you will feel writing. You will receive extensive practice in the units of this book. In addition, some learners find that keeping a journal or writing letters to friends in other cities or countries gives valuable writing experience.

If you are taking a class, have your teacher evaluate your essays. If you are working independently, ask a friend or relative read your essays. If this is not possible, evaluate your writing yourself. After finishing an essay, put it aside for a day. Then read it as objectively as uses the chart, Essay Scoring Guide, and the check list, Self-evaluation Check List, as scoring/evaluation guides.
Write the date on your completed essays and keep them together in a folder or notebook. This way, you will be able to track your progress, note your strengths, and figure out areas in which you want to improve.

Self-evaluation Check List

1.      Organization
a)      Does the introductory paragraph include the essay topic and a thesis statement?
b)      Does each body paragraph have a topic sentence and details related to the topic sentence?
c)      Does the concluding paragraph restate the topic and review the ideas?
d)      Does the essay stick to the topic?
2.      Support
a)      Do the paragraphs include specific details and examples that support the topic sentences?
b)      Does the essay support the thesis statement?
3.      Clarity
a)      Is the main idea understandable?
b)      Are the supporting ideas expressed clearly?
4.      Conventions of English
a)      Are the ideas written in complete sentences?
b)      Is the grammar correct?
c)      Are punctuation marks used correctly?
d)      Are words spelled correctly?
e)      Are capital letters used correctly?
5.      Revision Methods
Cross out any unwanted words or phrases.
Make corrections or add ideas between the lines or in the margin.
Use a caret(^) to show where additions belong.
Rewrite any part that is illegible or too messy to read.

                  Understanding the Instructions
                If the Instruction Say:                   You Should:
1       describe the effect of …
        tell how this might affect       Write about causes and effects
2       explain how or why…
        tell how…
        discuss…
        identify…
        describe how…
        describe why…                     Give reasons or explain facts about an issue.
3       state a view…
        present an opinion…
        state your opinion…               Tell what you think about an issue

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